Disease Surveillance

This Tableau Accelerator allows you to:

• Detect Outbreak Enhance the speed of identifying and confirming potential disease outbreaks with the surveillance dashboard.
• Facilitate Prevention & Control Proactive implement of preventive and control measures in high-risk regions or populations.
• Track and Identify Effectively track and identify disease spread for optimized resource allocation and response coordination.

Answer key Disease Surveillance questions

1. Disease Spread and Severity

• How have confirmed and hospitalized cases changed over time?
• What is the current mortality rate for each disease or sub-category?
• Which areas show the highest incidence of confirmed and hospitalized cases?

2. Demographics and Risk Factors

• What age groups and ethnicities are most affected by the disease?
• Are certain races or genders at higher risk for hospitalization or death?
• How do case and mortality rates differ across demographic segments?

3. Regional Trends and Health Authority Responses

• Which cities or counties are experiencing rapid case growth?
• How do case rates compare across different health authority jurisdictions?
• Are certain regions or zip codes consistently higher in cases or mortality?

Monitor and improve KPIs

1. Confirmed Cases

• Definition: The total number of individuals who have tested positive for a specific disease.
• Description: Confirmed cases represent all diagnosed instances of a disease, typically identified through laboratory testing. This metric helps track the spread of disease and identify clusters or outbreaks within a population.

2. Hospitalized Cases

• Definition: The number of confirmed cases that required hospital admission due to the severity of their symptoms.
• Description: This metric focuses on the subset of cases severe enough to need medical intervention. It provides insights into disease impact on healthcare systems and helps in planning resource allocation, such as hospital beds and staff.

3. Number of Deaths

• Definition: The total number of confirmed cases that resulted in death.
• Description: This metric tracks mortality directly attributable to the disease. Monitoring deaths is crucial for understanding disease lethality, identifying risk factors for severe outcomes, and guiding public health responses.

4. Hospitalization Rate

• Definition: The percentage of confirmed cases that result in hospitalization.
• Formula: Hospitalization Rate = Hospitalized Cases / Confirmed Cases×100
• Description: This rate shows the likelihood that an infected individual will require hospitalization. High hospitalization rates may indicate a more severe disease or vulnerability within certain populations, aiding in resource planning and risk assessment.

5. Mortality Rate

• Definition: The percentage of confirmed cases that result in death.
• Formula: Mortality Rate=Number of Deaths / Confirmed Cases×100
• Description: This rate indicates the lethality of the disease among confirmed cases. It helps epidemiologists assess the risk of death from the disease, compare its severity across demographics, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions.

Required attributes

Case

• Case ID (string): Unique identifier for each reported case.
• Reporting Date (date): The date the case was reported to health authorities.

Case Location

• City (string; role: city): The city where the case was reported.
• County (string; role: county): The county where the case was reported.
• State (string; role: state): The state where the case was reported.
• Zip (string; role: zip code): The ZIP code where the case was reported.
• Country (string; role: country): The country where the case was reported.
• Latitude (decimal): The geographic latitude where the case was reported, for precise location tracking.
• Longitude (decimal): The geographic longitude where the case was reported, for precise location tracking.

Patient

• Age (integer): The age of the individual in years.
• Gender (string): The gender of the individual; expected values: "Male", "Female", "Non-Binary", "Other."
• Race (string): The race of the individual; common categories may include "White", "Black or African American", "Asian", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander," or "Other."
• Ethnicity (string): The ethnicity of the individual; expected values may include "Hispanic or Latino", "Not Hispanic or Latino", "Other."
• Health Authority (string): The health authority responsible for overseeing public health efforts in the area where the case was reported.

Disease

• Disease (string): Name of the disease diagnosed in the reported case.
• Disease Sub-Category (string): Specific variant or type of the disease, if applicable.

Measures (Case Count)

• Confirmed Cases (integer): The total number of confirmed cases for the disease in the specified location.
• Hospitalized Cases (integer) (NB_HOSPITALIZED_CASES): The number of confirmed cases that required hospitalization.
• Number of Deaths (integer): The number of confirmed cases that resulted in death.